martes, 10 de julio de 2007

TV por satélite: competencia necesaria


Por Gabriel Sosa Plata

Columna "Telecom y Medios", El Universal, Finanzas, 10 de julio 2007

Grupo Pegaso anunció que en el 2008 lanzará en México una nueva oferta de televisión directa por satélite (DTH, por sus siglas en inglés). La competencia en un servicio monopolizado por Televisa a través de Sky es necesaria, pero quedan aún dudas de los alcances de la propuesta impulsada por Alejandro Burillo Azcárraga.
Según el vicepresidente de Grupo Pegaso, Alejandro Orvañanos, la empresa invertirá inicialmente 150 millones de dólares en el desarrollo del servicio que, según el directivo, tiene buenas expectativas de crecimiento. Tan sólo en sus primeros cuatro años de operación se prevé arrebatar a Sky un 12 por ciento de sus clientes. (El Semanario, 28 de junio 2007)

El 14 de febrero de este año, la Comisión Federal de Telecomunicaciones (Cofetel) autorizó la concesión respectiva a favor de Apollo Comunicaciones, empresa de Grupo Pegaso. El trámite se encuentra ahora en manos de la Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (SCT) y en los próximos días el título de concesión será publicado en el Diario Oficial de la Federación.

Una de las novedades es que la empresa ofrecerá telefonía fija e internet junto con el servicio de televisión restringida vía satélite a nivel nacional, tal como ocurre en otros países desarrollados del mundo. De esta manera, Pegaso podría convertirse en un competidor importante en el llamado mercado del triple play (imagen, voz y datos), actualmente disputado por algunos “cableros”.

Precios y contenidos

Orvañanos dijo que la forma de atacar al monopolio es ofreciendo una mezcla de servicio de excelencia, presencia, adecuada distribución e imagen de calidad. También los precios deberán jugar un papel fundamental ya que, comparado con lo que ocurre en otros países, el servicio de Sky es muy costoso en México.

Para muestra un botón. En México, el paquete más grande de Sky es el “Universe” con un costo de 719 pesos. El paquete incluye 140 canales de televisión (ya con los canales locales) y 50 de audio. Por una cantidad similar (648 pesos durante los primeros 12 meses y 756 pesos a partir del segundo año), en Estados Unidos DirecTV ofrece 195 canales de televisión (55 más que en México, más los canales locales) y 68 canales de audio (16 más). También ese precio incluye la transmisión de canales en alta definición o HD y el sistema DVR que permite la grabación de hasta 100 horas de programación.

La misma empresa Sky, pero en la Gran Bretaña, ofrece una amplia variedad de paquetes a precios que ya quisiéramos en nuestro país, no sólo de televisión, sino también de Internet, telefonía y otros novedosos servicios (por ejemplo, la grabación de programas a través de un teléfono móvil). Por ejemplo, por un pago inicial único de mil 100 pesos y alrededor de 570 pesos mexicanos mensuales se ofrece lo siguiente: 143 canales digitales y más de 200 canales de recepción gratuita, servicio de telefonía con llamadas gratuitas por las tardes y fin de semana, así como Internet ilimitado con una velocidad de 8 megabytes. En México, esos 570 mensuales sólo nos alcanzan para el paquete “HBO/MAX” de Sky con 126 canales de televisión y 50 de audio.

Además de precios competitivos, Grupo Pegaso deberá ofrecer los canales abiertos del duopolio de la televisión (Televisa y Televisión Azteca) si no quiere fracasar como sucedió hace un par de años con DirecTV en México. Orvañanos dijo que la barra programática del futuro servicio los incluirá, pero mientras no se regulen los denominados must offer (ofrecer canales de televisión abierta sin discriminación a operadores de sistemas restringidos) y must carry (transmitir los canales de televisión abierta disponibles en una zona), se tratará sólo buenas intenciones.

Habrá que recordar que una de las condiciones que la Comisión Federal de Competencia (CFC) impuso a Televisa para adquirir las cableras TV Internacional de Monterrey y Cablemás, ha sido justamente hacer posible el must offer y el must carry, pero las resoluciones del organismo antimonopolio se refieren a las zonas de servicio objeto de las operaciones y no como dice el comunicado 02-2007 de la CFC, fechado el 25 de febrero, que la empresa de Emilio Azcárraga estará obligada a ofrecer sus canales de televisión abierta a todos los sistemas televisión restringida del territorio nacional.

Televisa hará hasta lo imposible para evitar el must offer amparándose en la defensa de los derechos de autor, independientemente de que, en efecto, la opinión de la CFC en materia de contenidos audiovisuales emitida desde el 28 de noviembre de 2006 y que considera tanto al must carry como el must offer no ha sido elevada a rango de ley.

Proyectos infructuosos

A Alejandro Burillo se le califica como un “empresario de visión y enorme corazón para con su gente y su país” (Jorge Álvarez, Milenio Diario, 8 de junio 2007). Es filántropo y se le recuerda su valiente posición en torno de la ley Televisa. Pero también ha tenido desaciertos en los medios de comunicación. Por ejemplo, su proyecto radiofónico Red W Interactiva, de unas 50 emisoras en diferentes ciudades del país, fracasó al poco tiempo de ser creado.

Por supuesto se desea éxito en su incursión en la televisión por satélite. La competencia en este como en otros sectores de las telecomunicaciones siempre será bienvenida, pero para ello será fundamental no sólo la “visión de empresario”, sino también la “visión” del Poder Ejecutivo y del Poder Legislativo para hacerla realidad.

Aniversario de RTC

Este 6 de julio se cumplieron 30 años de la creación de la Dirección General de Radio, Televisión y Cinematografía (RTC) de la Secretaría de Gobernación, la instancia encargada, entre otras funciones, de aplicar la legislación vigente en materia de contenidos y de administrar los tiempos oficial y fiscal en la radio y la televisión.

Creada por el gobierno de José López Portillo, RTC debiera celebrar con bombo y platillo su aniversario, pero la falta de “dientes” y el desinterés (sinónimo de complicidad) para aplicar, como se debe, la legislación en radio y televisión, así como la deficiente labor de algunos de sus directores a lo largo de estas tres décadas, opacan cualquier festejo. La llegada de Juan María Naveja a la Subsecretaría de Normatividad de Medios, de la cual depende RTC, en nada ha cambiado la opacidad y el deficiente desempeño heredado por su penúltimo director, Eduardo Garzón.

Profesor e investigador invitado de la UAM-Cuajimalpa
http://radiomexicana.blogspot.com

34 comentarios:

Anónimo dijo...

Saludos todos....

(i) Es mas que obvio que la UltraDerechista CFC ha decidido que hay que detener a TMX y AMX. Desafortunadamente, como estos tipos carecen de inteligencia (o quizas simplemente fueron a Hillsdale College), no reconocen que el problema en Mexico no es Slim, sino Acarraga y RSP. Y no pueden imaginar la tristeza que me da, al saber que tantos, como resultado de nuestro sistema educativo, los creen.

Cualquier persona que tenga un poco de inteligencia no puede negar el hecho que, la UltraDerecha, con la ayuda de TMX y TZA, han engendrado un Mexico Mediocre que no crece ni el 1% anual durante los ultimos 25 anos. Lamentablemente, solo los PRDistas no estan conformes con tal situacion.

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http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aLuETuNNQS3o&refer=home

Slim's Companies to Face Antitrust Probe in Mexico (Update3)

By Adriana Arai
Enlarge Image
Carlos Slim, billionaire

July 9 (Bloomberg) -- Carlos Slim, who vies with Bill Gates as the world's richest man, may face increased scrutiny at home as Mexican antitrust regulators step up efforts to curb the dominance of the telephone companies that created his fortune.

Mexico's Federal Competition Commission wants to identify markets where Telefonos de Mexico SAB and America Movil SAB have a share large enough that would require special regulation to encourage new entrants, commission president Eduardo Perez Motta said. The probe will begin before the end of the year, he said.

``We want a level playing field,'' Perez Motta said in a July 5 interview. ``Declaring them dominant is another step toward competitive telecommunications.''

Shares of Telefonos de Mexico, known as Telmex, fell the most in 6 ½ years. Regulators are renewing attempts to rein in the market power Slim has in the industry more than 16 years after he bought a former phone monopoly from the government. Telmex had 91 percent of the nation's fixed telephone lines as of March 31. Sister mobile-phone carrier America Movil has 77 percent of wireless subscribers.

Telmex shares slid 1.17 pesos, or 5.3 percent to 20.88 pesos in Mexico City trading, its biggest decline since December 2000. They have climbed 36 percent this year. Shares of America Movil, up 41 percent, lost 1.17 pesos, or 3.3 percent, to 34.4 pesos.

The investigation will test a new antitrust law enacted last year that gave the commission more power to punish practices deemed anticompetitive, Perez Motta said. Telmex has overturned every antitrust ruling by the agency, including one in 1997 that declared the company dominant.

Investor Concerns

Telmex General Counsel Javier Mondragon said in a July 6 interview that the company isn't a dominant carrier and will work with the antitrust agency to prove its position.

The shares fell because the planned investigation may signal that President Felipe Calderon, who took office Dec. 1, will make good on a promise to improve competition in the country, said Damian Fraser, head of equity research at UBS Pactual, the Latin American unit of UBS AG.

``This raises all these concerns that the new Calderon government will finally get tougher on competition, including in the telecommunications sector,'' Fraser said. ``There's still a long way to go between Perez Motta wanting more competition and new regulations that may be subject to challenges themselves.''

Slim, 67, used Telmex to create the biggest telecom companies in Latin America, amassing a fortune that Forbes magazine estimated at $53.1 billion in a March update of its annual list of billionaires. That made Slim the second-richest man, ahead of Warren Buffett, with a net worth of $52.4 billion, according to Forbes.

Slim's Fortune

Last week, online Mexican newspaper Sentido Comun put the spotlight on Slim after estimating his net worth surpassed that of Microsoft Corp.'s Gates following a surge in America Movil stock. Slim's fortune is $62.9 billion, Sentido Comun said, compared with the Forbes estimate for Gates of $56 billion in March.

``A good part of the increase in this wealth has come from the Mexican market,'' Perez Motta said.

Mexico has the highest corporate phone rates of the 30 countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and broadband Internet access is more expensive than in most member nations, Perez Motta said. Telmex disputes the OECD figures because the study adjusts prices for the purchasing power of each country.

Telmex's Position

Telmex faces ``strong'' competition from other carriers in the most profitable markets in Mexico, Telmex attorney Mondragon said. The company has 66 percent of the telephone market among the highest-income consumers, according to its quarterly income statement.

``In those locations where no one else wants to compete, we're the provider of last resort,'' said Mondragon. ``So it's not the result of a monopolistic attitude, but rather negligence on the part of authorities, who give licenses to our competitors without demanding that they provide services in certain areas.''

America Movil had no comment, according to an e-mail from its press office in Mexico City.

Slim, the son of Christian immigrants from Lebanon, learned financial acumen from his father, Julian Slim Haddad, who ran a store in the heart of Mexico City.

In 1965, the young Slim started a brokerage that today is Mexico's seventh-largest bank, Grupo Financiero Inbursa SA. He also set up companies in construction, bottling, leasing, real estate and cigarettes that in 1980 were grouped under Grupo Carso SA -- the combination of his first name, Carlos, and his late wife's, Soumaya.

Buying Telmex

His biggest gambit was in 1990, when then Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari put Telmex up for sale. In December 1990, a group consisting of France Telecom SA, Southwestern Bell Telephone Co., Slim's Carso and 35 individual Mexican investors bought control of Telmex for $1.7 billion. Slim put up a quarter of the money and was named chairman.

Today Telmex's market value is about $39 billion. America Movil, spun off of Telmex in 2001, is worth about $114 billion and is the biggest company on the Mexican Stock Exchange. Since 2003, both Mexico City-based companies have stepped up expansion throughout Latin America.

In 2005, Slim, who is called ``the engineer'' by his aides for his engineering degree, ventured into construction. He created Impulsora del Desarrollo y el Empleo SA to invest in hospitals, schools, roads and dams.

To contact the reporter on this story: Adriana Arai in Mexico City at at aarai1@bloomberg.net ;

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(ii) Una de mis amigas del foro, hace unos meses, habia hecho un comentario en torno a Plan Colombia y Mexico. Personalmente, yo me opongo al Plan Colombia, ya que EEUU no debe estar ayudando a un UltraDerechista como Uribe. Uribe la tenia hecha hasta el noviembre pasado, cuando la CentroIzquierda logro tomar control de ambas camaras del congreso en EEUU. Ahora, los Democratas se han opuesto a ratificar un plan de libre comercio hasta que Uribe investigue, y encuentre culpables, a sus cuates, los Fascistas, en Colombia.

Digo todo esto porque un Democrata, sea Obama, Edwads or Clinton, ganara el proximo ano. Y no duden que desde ahora, ya han comenzado los cabildeos contra el UltraDerechsita Calderon. En lo economico y politico, Calderon se ubica a la Derecha de Bush. Y les juro que Calderon encontrara la misma recepcion que Uribe recibe actualmente de los Democratas.

De hecho, ya han comenzado a circular versiones en EEUU acerca de los esquardones de la muerta de Calderon, y como mataron a civiles. Tambien muchos han comentado como Calderon ha propuesto un "Patriot Act" para Mexico.

Anyway, aqui les dejo las lamentaciones de Mary O'Grady, una columnista del WSJ que odia a los Democratas, y los critica por us postura hacia Uribe.

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http://online.wsj.com/img/printIcon.gif

If Colombia's hard left was upset before with Mr. Uribe, this has really stirred up the nest. Their only hope is help from Washington so they are returning to what worked before, this time recyling tired old charges that the president has links to paramilitary groups and insisting that the government has been protecting assassins who target union leaders.

Democrats seem only too happy to help. They can't invoke the Leahy Law against civilians but blocking the FTA in the name of "human rights" is just as good. It satisfies the "sandalistas," who still dream of a Cuban revolution for all of Latin America, and it makes the most important Democratic Party constituent, the AFL-CIO, happy by knocking off any threat of new international competition.

This may be good for shoring up the Democrat's base but it is harmful to U.S. geopolitical interests in the Western Hemisphere and to an important U.S. ally and it will dash the hopes for a better life of millions of impoverished Colombians. Either the Democrats have very poor foreign policy judgment or they have sympathy for the devil.

The Democrats' interventionism also damages the U.S. image in Colombia because it trivializes the will of the Colombian people. Mr. Uribe is immensely popular and the FTA, which he has made his own project, has worked its way through the democratic process. Who are the Democrats to say that the country is not worthy of the partnership? And as for support for the FARC, which Sen. John Kerry (D., Mass.) once claimed had "legitimate complaints," Democrats might like to take note of the events surrounding the murder of the lawmakers and the public's reaction.

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(iii) Finalmente, he escuchado muchos aqui argumentar por un Marshall Plan, osea, un plan de miles de millones de dolares, para ayudar a desarollar a Mexico, como EEUU ayudo a Europa luego de la guerra.

Como Mexicana-Americana, que ha pagada miles de dolares en impeustos (a mi no me importo pagar hasta 50% de mis ganancias bursatiles en impuestos, cuando vivia en California), solo podre apoyar tal plan si alguien como Bill Clinton o AMLO estuviera a cargo de administrar el dinero. Y, no solo eso, tambien exigiria que Mexico implemente un Codigo Fiscal progresivo, en el cual la tasa maxima del ISR sea de, minimo, 40%, con ganancias bursatiles de corto plazo (menos de un ano) gravadas a la misma tasa.

Solo asi podria contemplar apoyar un Marshall Plan para mi pais (al menos en sangre).

Que lastima que no haya mas Mexicanas como yo, que reconozcan el dano que las politicas economicas de la UltraDerecha, el PRI/PAN, no han hecho. Que lastima que haya tantos "economistas" y "comentaristas financieros" de tercera, que, gracias a su ignorancia, siguen defendiendo los recorte tributarios al ISR, y aumentos al IVA.

Patricia

Anónimo dijo...

Realizo una busqueda en Google News Mexico....

televisa Cablemás

http://news.google.com/news?hl=es&ned=es_mx&q=televisa+Cablem%C3%A1s&btnG=Buscar+en+Noticias

y solo aparecen siete notas, ninguna que aborda el tema directamente, durante el ultimo mes. No culpo a Gabriel Sosa, ya que el si ha escrito sobre lo nocivo de la pretension de TV de seguir comprando cableras.

Pero donde estan los otros columnistas/reporteros. No pueden entrevistar a expertos en la materia en EEUU, para que averiguen lo nocivo que seria para la democracia que una empresa UltraDerechista como Televisa siga creciendo?

O quizas vieron lo que le paso a Radio Monitor, y por eso no dicen nada.

Mas facil culpar a la CentroIzquierdistas emanados de Stanford y Harvard, que argumentan, con razon, que Mexico necesita un ISR del 35%, minimo, y pluralidad en los medios, que culpar a Azcarraga y la CFC.

Luego se pregunta porque vivimos en un pais mediocre. Que se vean en el espejo.

Patricia

Anónimo dijo...

Saludos todos,

Gabriel, acabo de leer tu comentario....

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http://www.rumbodemexico.com.mx/macnews-core00000/notes/?id=63212

En el tema de reforma electoral, Gabriel Sosa Plata es contundente: “Mi planteamiento es simple: que no se destine presupuesto en las campañas políticas a los medios de comunicación, que se acabe esta inversión porque es una distorsión a la democracia. Como país vivimos es la mediocracia, que todo se circunscribe a lo que son los medios de comunicación”.

------------------------------

Agrego lo siguiente. Tambien tendriamos que estar seguros que un locutor o conductor de TV no pueda mostrar un sesgo durante los noticieros. Por ejemplo, que tal si el partido UltraDerechista PAN decide producir un spot para el Internet, pero los conductores de Televisa empiezan a difundir el spot durante el noticiero, "porque se trata de una noticia". Entonces, que podria hacer Ebrard para contrarestar esta manipulacion?

Si comenzamos a restringir los spots en los medios, tambien tendremos que estar seguros que los loctures y conductores no muestren sesgo durante las companas.

Patricia

Anónimo dijo...

Saludos todos. Les dejo esta "lead" editorial, que aparecio hoy en el Wall Street Journal, acerca de una proxima subasta del radioespectro en EEUU. Palabras mas, palabras menos, el Consejo Editorial del WSJ esta decepcionado ya que, al parecer, la FCC decidria considerar aspectos no solamente monetarios en la proxima subasta.

No entiendo la razon por la cual la Derecha, sea aqui o en EEUU, creen que el mercado soluciona toda, que la "mano invisible" sabe todo. Que no demostraron los 8 anos de Clinton que intervencion gubernamental en la economia es necesaria para prosperidad? Que los penetracinon de banda ancho en Corea del Sur no demuetra que intervencion gubernamental es superrior a la politica Republicana en EEUU.

No entiendo la Derecha.

Patricia


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http://online.wsj.com/article_print/SB118411607574862804.html

REVIEW & OUTLOOK

Reed Hundt's Spectrum Play

July 11, 2007; Page A14

The Federal Communications Commission has been ordered by Congress to auction off a large swath of valuable telecom spectrum licenses by the end of January. The only question is whether the auction will be open and fair, or tainted by rules that favor some potential bidders over others. It looks as if FCC Chairman Kevin Martin has opted for the latter.

The agency hasn't formally released the rules, but yesterday USA Today quoted Mr. Martin as saying that "Whoever wins this spectrum has to provide . . . [a] truly open broadband network -- one that will open the door to a lot of innovative services for customers." In other words, Mr. Martin wants to saddle the winning bidder with "net neutrality" mandates.

Mr. Martin didn't offer any proof that this "door" is currently closed, that competition in wireless broadband is lacking, or that consumers are deprived of the latest gadgets and services. And no wonder. The FCC's most recent report on wireless competition concludes that, "With respect to carrier conduct, the record indicates that competitive pressure continues to drive carriers to introduce innovative pricing plans and service offerings, and to match the pricing and service innovations introduced by rival carriers."

This should be an easy call, especially for an FCC headed by a man who claims to understand economic competition. Auctions are the most efficient way to get spectrum to market, and rigging them to play favorites defeats their purpose. But Chairman Martin is under political pressure to jerry-rig the process. An upstart telecom firm called Frontline Wireless, which is headed by former FCC Chairman Reed Hundt and backed by Google, wants the agency to place conditions on the sale.

Mr. Hundt wants the spectrum winner to be obligated to operate as a wholesale-only carrier and make its network available to rivals at regulated rates. The Frontline proposal also attaches net neutrality strings to the licenses that would ban a network operator (like Verizon) from charging a content provider (like Google) extra fees for premium service. Such requirements are poison pills intended to scare away bidders and lower the price of the spectrum. If AT&T, T-Mobile and other carriers can't earn a competitive return on their investment, they're less likely to bid.

But a rigged auction that steers spectrum away from those best prepared to use it immediately also bodes ill for consumers. It means higher prices and slower deployment of next generation services that make workers more productive and the U.S. more competitive.

Frontline says it will use the spectrum to build a nationwide wireless broadband network to compete with the likes of AT&T and Verizon. That's fine, if it is able to compete for spectrum on the same terms as everybody else. However, Jeffrey Eisenach of Criterion Economics estimates (conservatively) that this undertaking will cost more than $20 billion over 10 years, and he doubts Mr. Hundt's business plan can deliver on its promises. Mr. Eisenach also notes that the "FCC's history of recovering spectrum from private licensees who fail to meet build-out requirement is discouraging."

That's a reference to NextWave, the telecom firm that won spectrum licenses in a 1996 FCC auction that extended financial credits to "small-business participants." NextWave promptly defaulted on billions of dollars in loan payments but managed to keep the spectrum out of use for nearly a decade, before eventually selling the licenses to Verizon.

That debacle was the handiwork of a certain Reed Hundt, who headed the FCC under Bill Clinton and set the rules of the NextWave auction. We hope history doesn't repeat itself as political farce. If Mr. Hundt's proposal prevails and Frontline Wireless is the top bidder, don't be surprised if it moves to free itself of the license restrictions and then sell the spectrum to a major carrier for a huge profit.

In an attempt to win over Mr. Martin, however, Mr. Hundt is disguising this spectrum grab as a public safety play. He says Frontline's network will be a public-private partnership that provides wireless broadband service to police and fire departments. But Congress has already allocated spectrum for emergency services, along with $1 billion in grants for public safety officials to build a system that's interoperable. First-responders don't need Mr. Hundt's plan.

Mr. Hundt knows how to work the Beltway and he has powerful political friends, who apparently now include Mr. Martin. But we hope someone in the Bush Administration tells Mr. Martin that the FCC's obligation isn't to carve out spectrum for special interests, but to serve the larger public by selling spectrum to the highest bidder.

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